IRS Publication 527 — Residential Rental Property

for the last 3 weeks (21 days) in July. You figured 10% of the total days rented to others at a fair rental price is 3 days.

The room was used as a home because you used it for personal purposes for 21 days. That is more than the greater of 14 days or 10% of the 27 days it was rented (3 days).

Example 3. You own a condominium apartment in a resort area. You rented it at a fair rental price for a total of 170 days during the year. For 12 of these days, the tenant wasn’t able to use the apartment and allowed you to use it even though you didn’t refund any of the rent. Your family actually used the apartment for 10 of those days. Therefore, the apartment is treated as having been rented for 160 (170 – 10) days. You figured 10% of the total days rented to others at a fair rental price is 16 days. Your family also used the apartment for 7 other days during the year. You used the apartment as a home because you used it for personal purposes for 17 days. That is more than the greater of 14 days or 10% of the 160 days it was rented (16 days).

Minimal rental use. If you use the dwelling unit as a home and you rent it less than 15 days during the year, that period isn’t treated as rental activity. See Used as a home but rented less than 15 days, later, for more information. Limit on deductions. Renting a dwelling unit that is considered a home isn’t a passive activity. Instead, if your rental expenses are more than your rental income, some or all of the excess expenses can’t be used to offset income from other sources. The excess expenses that can’t be used to offset income from other sources are carried forward to the next year and treated as rental expenses for the same property. Any expenses carried forward to the next year will be subject to any limits that apply for that year. This limitation will apply to expenses carried forward to another year even if you don’t use the property as your home for that subsequent year.

T o figure your deductible rental expenses for this year and any carryover to next year, use Worksheet 5-1. Reporting Income and Deductions Property not used for personal purposes. If you don’t use a dwelling unit for personal purposes, see chapter 3 for how to report your rental income and expenses. Property used for personal purposes. If you do use a dwelling unit for personal purposes, then how you report your rental income and expenses depends on whether you used the dwelling unit as a home.

Not used as a home. If you use a dwelling unit for personal purposes, but not as a home, report all the rental income in your income. Because you used the dwelling unit for personal purposes, you must divide your expenses between the rental use and the personal use, as described earlier in this chapter under Dividing Expenses. The expenses for personal use aren’t deductible as rental expenses. Your deductible rental expenses can be more than your gross rental income; however, see Limits on Rental Losses in chapter 3. Used as a home but rented less than 15 days. If you use a dwelling unit as a home and you rent it less than 15 days during the year, its primary function isn’t considered to be rental and it shouldn’t be reported on Schedule E (Form 1040). You aren’t required to report the rental income and rental expenses from this activity. Any expenses related to the home, such as mortgage interest, property taxes, and any qualified casualty loss, will be reported as normally allowed on Schedule A (Form 1040). See the Instructions for Schedule A for more information on deducting these expenses. Used as a home and rented 15 days or more. If you use a dwelling unit as a home and rent it 15 days or more during the year, include all your rental income in your income. Because you used the dwelling unit for personal purposes, you must divide your expenses between the rental use and the personal use, as described earlier in this chapter under Dividing Expenses . The expenses for personal use aren’t deductible as rental expenses. If you had a net profit from renting the dwelling unit for the year (that is, if your rental income is more than the total of your rental expenses, including depreciation), deduct all of your rental expenses. You don’t need to use Worksheet 5-1.

However, if you had a net loss from renting the dwelling unit for the year, your deduction for certain rental expenses is limited. T o figure your deductible rental expenses and any carryover to next year, use Worksheet 5-1. 28 Chapter 5 Personal Use of Dwelling Unit (Including Vacation Home) Publication 527 (2025)