IRS Publication 17 — Your Federal Income Tax (Individuals)
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“Paying tax late. Y ou will have to pay a fail- ure-to-pay penalty of 1/2 of 1% (0.50%) of your unpaid taxes for each month, or part of a month, after the due date that the tax isn’t paid.”
Self-Employed Persons You are self-employed if you:
• Carry on a trade or business as a sole proprietor,
• Are an independent contractor,
• Are a member of a partnership, or
• Are in business for yourself in any other way.
Self-employment can include work in addition to your regular full -time business activities, such as certain part -time work you do at home or in addition to your regular job.
You must file a return if your gross income is at least as much as the filing requirement amount for your filing status and age (shown in Table 1-1). Also, you must file Form 1040 or 1040-SR and Schedule SE (Form 1040), Self-Employment Tax, if:
1. Your net earnings from self-employment (excluding church employee income) were $400 or more, or
2. You had church employee income of $108.28 or more. (See Table 1-3.)
Use Schedule SE (Form 1040) to figure your self-employment tax. Self -employment tax is comparable to the social security and Medicare tax withheld from an employee’s wages. For more information about this tax, see Pub. 334. Employees of foreign governments or international organizations. If you are a U.S. citizen who works in the United States for an international organization, a foreign government, or a wholly owned instrumentality of a foreign government, and your employer isn’t required to withhold social security and Medicare taxes from your wages, you must include your earnings from services performed in the United States when figuring your net earnings from self-employment.
Ministers. You must include income from services you performed as a minister when figuring your net earnings from self -employment, unless you have an exemption from self -employment tax. This also applies to Christian Science practitioners and members of a religious order who have not taken a vow of poverty. For more information, see Pub. 517.
Aliens Your status as an alien (resident, nonresident, or dual -status) determines whether and how you must file an income tax return.
The rules used to determine your alien status are discussed in Pub. 519. Resident alien. If you are a resident alien for the entire year, you must file a tax return following the same rules that apply to U.S. citizens. Use the forms discussed in this publication. Nonresident alien. If you are a nonresident alien, the rules and tax forms that apply to you are different from those that apply to U.S. citizens and resident aliens. See Pub. 519 to find out if U.S. income tax laws apply to you and which forms you should file.
Dual-status taxpayer. If you are a resident alien for part of the tax year and a nonresident alien for the rest of the year, you are a dual -status taxpayer. Different rules apply for each part of the year. For information on dual -status taxpayers, see Pub. 519. Who Should File Even if you don’t have to file, you should file a federal income tax return to get money back if any of the following conditions apply.
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